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The Junta para Ampliación de Estudios e Investigaciones Científicas (JAE) (Board for Advanced Studies and Scientific Research) was the largest enterprise of those inspired by Giner de los Ríos and represents the culmination of the projects carried out by an independent educational institution for the modernization of Spanish society.

Chaired by the Nobel laureate in Medicine Santiago Ramón y Cajal, José Castillejo was its secretary and chief executive officer. Its mission was to promote scientific exchange with the most advanced countries by providing scholarships to young graduates in some of the most prestigious centers in the world, and at the same time, to create a network of institutions that would promote scientific and humanistic research in Spain and modernize its educational system.

Between 1907 and 1939, the JAE awarded some 3,500 grants. In 1910, it created the Residencia de Estudiantes, among other scientific and educational institutions.